Measure the gaps
Subtract neighbouring terms. If the gaps change, inspect their gaps too. Regular differences can reveal a useful candidate rule.
OBSERVE / PROPOSE / EXPLAIN
Look beyond the next number. Test a pattern, follow the evidence and keep a note of what you noticed.
OBSERVATION 01
THE INTENDED RULE
Many rules can fit the same observations. We check against one deliberately chosen rule, then explain it. A different consistent rule may support a different answer.
THREE WAYS TO OBSERVE
Subtract neighbouring terms. If the gaps change, inspect their gaps too. Regular differences can reveal a useful candidate rule.
Try multiplication and division. Watch negative signs, and check every transition rather than just the first pair.
Odd and even positions may follow different rules. A short repeating block is another possibility worth testing.